Unit 6: Art History: Ancient to Renaissance · Lesson 1
Cave Paintings and Ancient Art
What this lesson is for
- Students will create artwork related to Cave Paintings and Ancient Art
- Students will express creativity through art
Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work.
Exodus 35:35
Cave Paintings: The Oldest Human Art
The oldest known paintings in the world were made by human beings made in the image of God. The cave paintings of Lascaux, France (c. 17,000 BC) and Altamira, Spain (c. 14,000 BC) show bison, horses, deer, aurochs, and other animals rendered in red, yellow, black, and brown — pigments made from ground ochre, hematite, and charcoal. Some figures show remarkable skill: the artist understood the animal's anatomy, captured its movement, and used the natural curves of the cave wall to give the painted animal a three-dimensional quality.
What Cave Paintings Tell Us
Cave paintings tell us something profound about human nature. Long before cities, agriculture, or writing, human beings felt compelled to make art. They did not paint for money, for clients, or for fame — they painted in dark caves with no natural light, holding torches, working on ceilings and irregular rock surfaces. They painted because something inside them — the imago Dei, the image of God — drove them to represent, to create, to celebrate what they saw. This artistic impulse is not a product of civilization. It is a product of being human — of being made in the image of the Creator.
Ancient Near Eastern Art
In the cultures neighboring ancient Israel — Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Egypt, and later Persia — art served religion and royal power. The Ishtar Gate of Babylon (c. 575 BC), built by King Nebuchadnezzar (the same king who destroyed Jerusalem), was covered in glazed blue tiles with alternating images of lions, bulls, and dragons. The Code of Hammurabi stele shows the king receiving laws from the sun-god Shamash — a claim that the king's authority came from the divine.
Biblical Israel was different. God commanded that no images be made of Him ("Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image" — Exodus 20:4). Israel's art was decorative and symbolic rather than representational of God. The result was a distinctive artistic vocabulary: the pomegranate, the palm tree, the menorah, the star — forms used to beautify the Temple without representing the invisible God.
The Meaning of Ancient Art
Ancient art teaches us that all human beings are born artists, all cultures create, and all art reflects the worldview of its makers. Christian engagement with ancient art asks: what did these people believe, and how did their beliefs shape what they made? Understanding ancient art is understanding ancient hearts — and recognizing that the longing to create is a longing for God, whether or not the maker knew it.
"Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things." — Revelation 4:11
Homework
No homework - great job creating today!
Note for the parent
Today's lesson covers Cave Paintings and Ancient Art. Estimated time: 30 minutes. Encourage independent work but be available for questions.
The first three of this lesson's 10 questions
Where are the oldest known cave paintings located?
Show the answer
Answer: Lascaux, France and Altamira, Spain
What pigments were used in cave paintings?
Show the answer
Answer: Ground ochre, hematite, and charcoal
What does the existence of cave paintings tell us about human nature?
Show the answer
Answer: That the drive to create is part of being made in God's image — imago Dei
Another 7 questions follow in the lesson itself, each one graded the moment it is answered.