Unit 5: Art History · Lesson 1
Art History - Lesson 1
What this lesson is for
- Students will create artwork related to Art History - Lesson 1
- Students will express creativity through art
Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work.
Exodus 35:35
The Italian Renaissance (roughly 1400-1600) represents one of the greatest flowerings of visual art in the history of human civilization, and it was decisively shaped by Christian theology, patronage, and subject matter. The term "Renaissance" means rebirth — specifically the rebirth of classical Greek and Roman knowledge, artistic techniques, and humanistic values. But unlike the pagan originals that inspired it, Renaissance art was predominantly created in the service of the Christian Church and expressed profoundly Christian theological ideas through recovered classical forms.
The development of linear perspective by Filippo Brunelleschi around 1420 transformed Western painting permanently. Suddenly artists could represent three-dimensional space on a flat surface with mathematical precision. Leon Battista Alberti codified the rules of perspective in his treatise "On Painting" (1435) and described the picture plane as a "window" through which the viewer looks into an depicted world. This metaphor proved extraordinarily fruitful: if painting is a window, then the painter must show what lies beyond the window with the greatest possible fidelity to visual reality.
Masaccio (1401-1428) was the first painter to apply perspective fully and consistently in a major fresco cycle — the Brancacci Chapel in Florence. His figures stand solidly in convincing three-dimensional space, modeled by light from a single source, with a weight and gravity that no earlier painting possessed. His "Expulsion from Paradise" shows Adam and Eve leaving the Garden with an emotional rawness — Adam covering his face in shame, Eve crying out in anguish — that medieval art had never approached. This emotional directness in the service of biblical narrative is a defining achievement of Renaissance Christian art.
Study three major paintings from the Early Italian Renaissance: Masaccio's "Tribute Money," Fra Angelico's "Annunciation," and Botticelli's "Primavera." For each, identify the evidence of perspective, the handling of light, the biblical or theological subject matter, and one technique or compositional approach that strikes you as particularly significant. Write a paragraph on each.
Homework
No homework - great job creating today!
Note for the parent
Today's lesson covers Art History - Lesson 1. Estimated time: 45 minutes. Encourage independent work but be available for questions.
The first three of this lesson's 10 questions
Filippo Brunelleschi is credited with developing which revolutionary technique around 1420?
Show the answer
Answer: Linear perspective — allowing mathematically precise representation of three-dimensional space on a flat surface
Leon Battista Alberti described the picture plane as a 'window.' What did this metaphor imply for Renaissance painters?
Show the answer
Answer: That the painter shows what lies beyond the window — the depicted world — with the greatest possible fidelity to visual reality
Masaccio (1401-1428) was the first painter to apply which new technique to monumental fresco painting?
Show the answer
Answer: Linear perspective combined with consistent lighting across an entire composition
Another 7 questions follow in the lesson itself, each one graded the moment it is answered.