Unit 8: Fractions: Operations · Lesson 7
Fraction Word Problems
What this lesson is for
- Students will understand and practice Fraction Word Problems
- Students will solve problems related to this topic
Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it.
Proverbs 22:6
Fraction Word Problems: Multiplication and Division
"Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." — Ecclesiastes 9:10
Work done with might requires skill and understanding. Multiplication and division word problems extend our ability to solve real-life tasks that matter — distributing resources, measuring land, planning a feast.
Say to your child: "Multiplication often appears when we take a fraction OF something — OF is the clue word. Division appears when we ask how many equal groups fit into a total."
Clue words for multiplication: of, times, product, each group gets Clue words for division: how many groups, split evenly, each piece, fits into
Problem 1 — fraction of a set: Mrs. Johnson baked 24 cookies. She gave 3/4 of them to the church potluck. How many? ` 3/4 × 24 = (24 ÷ 4) × 3 = 6 × 3 = 18 cookies `
Problem 2 — fraction × fraction: A field is 5/6 mile wide and 2/3 mile long. What is its area? ` 5/6 × 2/3 = 10/18 = 5/9 square miles `
Problem 3 — whole ÷ fraction: You have 6 yards of ribbon. Each bow needs 1/3 yard. How many bows? ` 6 ÷ 1/3 = 6 × 3 = 18 bows `
Problem 4 — whole ÷ fraction: A shepherd has 9 gallons of water. Each sheep drinks 3/4 gallon. How many sheep can drink? ` 9 ÷ 3/4 = 9 × 4/3 = 36/3 = 12 sheep `
Problem 5 — multiplication with simplification: A jar holds 5/6 cup of honey. You fill 3 jars. Total honey? ` 3 × 5/6 = 15/6 = 5/2 = 2½ cups `
Check your answer: Always ask — does this answer make sense for the story? If 12 sheep each drink 3/4 gallon, total water used = 12 × 3/4 = 9 gallons ✓.
Ask your child: "When you see 'how many groups of ¼ fit into 5,' do you multiply or divide? What is the answer?" (Divide; 5 ÷ 1/4 = 20.)
Guided practice
Sarah baked 24 cookies. She gave 1/3 to her friend. How many did she give?
Show the steps and the answer
Find 1/3 of 24: divide 24 by 3 = 8. Multiply by 1 = 8 cookies.
Answer: 8
A plank is 7 1/2 feet long. You cut off 2 1/4 feet. How much remains?
Show the steps and the answer
7 1/2 - 2 1/4. Convert: 7 2/4 - 2 1/4 = 5 1/4 feet.
Answer: 5 1/4
A shepherd has 30 sheep. 2/3 are adults. How many are adults?
Show the steps and the answer
Find 2/3 of 30: divide 30 by 3 = 10. Multiply by 2 = 20 sheep.
Answer: 20
Homework
Complete the practice problems for Fraction Word Problems.
Note for the parent
Today's lesson covers Fraction Word Problems. Estimated time: 40 minutes. Encourage independent work but be available for questions.
The first three of this lesson's 10 questions
Mary baked 24 muffins and gave 1/3 to her neighbor. How many did she give?
Show the answer
Answer: 8
A plank is 7 and 3/4 feet. You cut off 2 and 1/4 feet. How much is left?
Show the answer
Answer: 5 and 1/2 feet
The word 'of' in a word problem usually means:
Show the answer
Answer: Multiply
Another 7 questions follow in the lesson itself, each one graded the moment it is answered.