Unit 5: Music History · Lesson 1
Music History - Lesson 1
What this lesson is for
- Students will explore musical concepts in Music History - Lesson 1
- Students will participate in singing or rhythm activities
Let every thing that hath breath praise the LORD. Praise ye the LORD.
Psalm 150:6
Johann Sebastian Bach: The Theologian in Music
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) stands as one of the greatest composers in all of human history. More than that — he was a devout Lutheran Christian who understood his music as an act of worship and service to God.
His life: Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany, into a musical family that had produced professional musicians for generations. He was orphaned at age ten and raised by his older brother. He spent most of his career as a church musician — organist, Kapellmeister (director of music) — in various German churches and courts. His most significant posts were in Weimar and in Leipzig, where he served as Cantor of St. Thomas Church for 27 years (1723-1750).
His output: Bach composed more than 1,100 known works — though many others have been lost. His output includes:
- Over 200 church cantatas (one for each Sunday and feast day of the Lutheran church year)
- The Mass in B Minor — a monumental sacred work for choir and orchestra
- The St. Matthew Passion and St. John Passion — dramatic settings of the crucifixion narratives
- The Well-Tempered Clavier — 48 preludes and fugues in all 24 major and minor keys
- The Brandenburg Concertos — six concerti grossi
- Hundreds of organ works, keyboard works, and instrumental pieces
Soli Deo Gloria (SDG): Bach signed many of his manuscripts with the Latin initials "SDG" — Soli Deo Gloria, meaning "To God alone be the glory." He also often wrote "J.J." at the top — Jesu, Juva, meaning "Jesus, help me." Music was not merely his profession; it was his offering.
Lutheran theology in his music: Bach's cantatas were written to illuminate the Gospel reading of each Sunday. He treated the text with deep theological seriousness. His harmonizations of Lutheran chorales (congregational hymns) are masterclasses in tonal harmony — and also in setting text with sensitivity and meaning.
Reflection: Bach saw no division between the sacred and the secular. Even his keyboard exercises and instrumental works carry the same craftsmanship and intentionality as his sacred choral works. For Bach, all music well-composed was an act of worship. "Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God" (1 Corinthians 10:31).
Homework
Sing today's song to someone in your family.
Note for the parent
Today's lesson covers Music History - Lesson 1. Estimated time: 35 minutes. Encourage independent work but be available for questions.
The first three of this lesson's 10 questions
In which German city was Johann Sebastian Bach born in 1685?
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Answer: Eisenach
What was Bach's longest and most significant professional post as a church musician?
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Answer: Cantor of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig for 27 years
What phrase did Bach write at the top of his musical scores to indicate his understanding of music as worship?
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Answer: 'Soli Deo Gloria' (To God alone be the glory)
Another 7 questions follow in the lesson itself, each one graded the moment it is answered.